ГАПК. Ф.р-1665. Оп.1. Д.11. Л. 2. dimanche 28 mai 2017 13:47:00 Categories: Гражданская война Пермский уезд Политические деятели THE NINETH ARTICLE ARTICLE ABOUT “ARCHVILLAIN” GENERAL YAKOV ZHILINSKY Nobody knows who,where,and how have executed the Chief of General Staff Yakov Zhilinsky in 1918. Probably Zhilinsky was not executed, but recruited, because some witness saw Zhilinsky in the chair of NKVD interrogator much later after 1918. Tsar’s war minister Polivanow wrote in his diary that Zhilinsky is related to Jewish masons. AUGUST 1914 by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Translated by Michael Glenny 622 pages; Farrar, Straus and Giroux; $10. WHEN THE 1914 WAR with Germany broke out, Czarist Russia was unprepared. Yet she instantly sent two armies into East Prussia. Both were ill-equipped, underfed and hampered from headquarters by more than the usual complement of careerist nitwits, blockheaded aristocrats and plain cowards familiar in the literature of military debacle. In the resulting battle, the Russian Second Army, lumbering westward in the vicinity of Tannenberg, was enveloped by the Germans. More than 90,000 prisoners were taken. In a few days, despite great courage shown by many Russian regiments and officers, the Second Army ceased to exist. Its brave but confused commander, General Alexander Samsonov, committed suicide. The Russian General Staff quickly covered its own criminal idiocy by blaming him entirely for the defeat. These very real events are not merely the background of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s already much puffed (and huffed at) new novel. In an occasionally quite tedious way, the battle is the book. Understandably so. August 1914 is the first of a many-volumed effort by Solzhenitsyn to re-create modern Russian history in truthful fiction. Tannenberg was a decisive battle from which the Czarist regime and the Russian war effort never recovered. But there are moments when the reader, plugging along with the hungry troops or trying to feel the requisite rage at the chicanery of the book’s ARCHVILLAIN YAKOV ZHILINSKY, longs for a series of those day-by-day position maps that help make sense of nonfictional accounts of war. THE TENTH ARTICLE SERGEY NIKOLAEVICH FAESI-ZHILINSKY (1885-1933) -COMMISSAR OF FIRST CAVALRY ARMY DESCRIBED BELOW. Sergey’s brother Vasily (1877-1956) was a colonel of General staff. Sergey’s mother Felicia Zhilinska (daughter of Sigismund) was from Trakai (Troki). Sergey’s father was Nikolay-Georgy Faesi (b.1836). Sergey’s grandfather was Friedrich-Jacob Faesi (1799-1883). Sergey’s granduncle was the general Johann-Hans-Kaspar Faesi (1795-1848). Sergey’s brother colonel Vasily (1877-1956) has issued manuscripts of his granduncle general Johann-Hans-Kaspar Faesi (1795-1848)”Byt i nravy russkoy armii” in Russian language. The worst Red Army pogroms were perpetrated by the First Cavalry Army under Semyon Budyonny—later to become an important ally of Stalin—during its retreat from Poland in 1920. Isaac Babel, who accompanied the army as a war correspondent, described them later in his literary masterpiece, The Red Cavalry. The soldiers of this army were mainly Kuban Cossacks, among whom anti-Semitism was traditionally widespread. Moreover, many of them had previously served under the command of Anton Denikin and other counterrevolutionary military leaders. After a series of lootings and killings of civilians, including Jews, in southern Russia in 1919, a report by Red Army political department deputy head Zhilinsky urgently drew attention to the lack of political consciousness and widespread anti-communism and anti-Semitism in the troops. Zhilinsky claimed that the slogan “Beat the Jews, beat the Communists” was heard again and again among the cavalrymen. He also warned that the cavalry’s looting and rape were playing into the hands of the counterrevolution. Entire communities and villages that had previously welcomed the Reds with open arms had now switched sides to the Whites. The looting and Zhilinsky’s report led to serious conflicts within the army leadership in 1920. As head of the Revvoensovet (Revolutionary Military Council), the highest body of the Red Army, Trotsky pressed for harsh punishment of offenders in order to discourage repetition of the crime. However, Budyonny was concealing the crimes of his troops, having gained the support of Voroshilov, Minin and Vardin, who comprised the southern front’s military leadership, and Stalin, who then held office in the Politburo. Budyonny and Voroshilov were to be among Stalin’s closest allies in the coming decades. They were also two of the very few “old Bolsheviks” to survive the terror of the 1930s. The leadership of the First Cavalry Army eventually effected the dismissal of Zhilinsky. Although the party leadership gave Zhilinsky its backing, their efforts to punish those involved were continually undermined by opposition.

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